Fiber crops are crops which are grown for fibers. We get bast fiber from jute.
Jute As A Fiber Crops
family: Tiliaceae
Scientific name: 1. white jute ( Corchorus capsularis) 2. Tossa jute ( Corchorus olitorius )
Jute is environment friendly. Because it is 100% bio degradable and recyclable. Jute has low extensibility and high tensile strength.
Near about 90% jute is produced in India, Bangladesh and Thailand.
Origin: It is believed that Tossa jute is originated from Africa and White jute is originated from Indo-Burma.
Distribution: India, Bangladesh, Thailand, Brazil, China, Nepal, Vietnam, Japan, Burma, Uzbekistan.
Difference between C.capsularis and C. olitoriuus :
Height: 1.5 to 3.6m (Corchorus capsularis) and 1.5 to 4.5 m (Corchorus olitorius)
Stem color: full green to dark red (Corchorus capsularis) and green to light or deep red (Corchorus olitorius).
Periderm: periderm resides on the basal portion - called cutting (Corchorus capsularis) and periderm absent or poorly developed (Corchorus olitorius).
Branching: well branched (Corchorus capsularis) and poorly branched (Corchorus olitorius).
Water logging: can withstand water logging in later stage of growth (Corchorus capsularis) and can not (Corchorus olitorius).
Duration: 3-4 months (Corchorus capsularis) and 4-5 months (Corchorus olitorius).
Flower: 0.5cm, yellow to pale yellow (Corchorus capsularis) and 1.0cm, green or colored (Corchorus olitorius).
Ovary: round (Corchorus capsularis) and elongated (Corchorus olitorius).
Anthesis: 1-2hours after sun rise (Corchorus capsularis) and 1hour or less before sun rise (Corchorus olitorius).
Fruit: capsule (Corchorus capsularis) and elongated (Corchorus olitorius).
Seed: per fruit 35-50 seeds, chocolate color, weight 300seeds per gm (Corchorus capsularis) and 127-200 seeds, black color, weight 500seeds per gram (Corchorus olitorius).
Production Technology
Adaptation: temp- 24to35 c and RH 90%
Soil: Loam to silt loam ; high, medium high, medium low land; it does not grow well on very light, gravelly, lateritic soil.
Land preparation: 5-6 ploughing followed laddering.
Fertilizer Application: 145-166kg/ha urea, 59kg/ha TSP, 50-80kg/ha MOP for fiber production; 80-100kg/ha urea, 30-40kf/ha TSP, 32-40kg/ha MOP for seed production.
Cow dung must be applied 10-15 day before final and preparation. Half urea and other fertilizer must be applied 4-5 days before FLP. 6-7 weeks after sowing rest urea must be applied.
Sowing time : Corchorus capsularis - March to April, Corchorus Olitorius - April to first half of May.
Seed Rate : row method: line to line 30cm, plant to plant 7cm- capsularis 6-7.5kg/ha and olitorius- 5-6kg/ha; broadcast method: 10-12.5kg/ha capsalirs, 7.5-9 kg/ha olitorius.
Intercultural operation:
Gap filling: direct sowing during evening. desired plant rate4.5-5lac/ha.
weed control: 2,4,8 weeks after sowing.
Disease and Insect control: By using proper fungicide and insecticide.
Harvesting: Depending on varieties. For fiber 60-120 days after sowing.
Jute As A Fiber Crops
family: Tiliaceae
Scientific name: 1. white jute ( Corchorus capsularis) 2. Tossa jute ( Corchorus olitorius )
Jute is environment friendly. Because it is 100% bio degradable and recyclable. Jute has low extensibility and high tensile strength.
Near about 90% jute is produced in India, Bangladesh and Thailand.
Origin: It is believed that Tossa jute is originated from Africa and White jute is originated from Indo-Burma.
Distribution: India, Bangladesh, Thailand, Brazil, China, Nepal, Vietnam, Japan, Burma, Uzbekistan.
Difference between C.capsularis and C. olitoriuus :
Height: 1.5 to 3.6m (Corchorus capsularis) and 1.5 to 4.5 m (Corchorus olitorius)
Stem color: full green to dark red (Corchorus capsularis) and green to light or deep red (Corchorus olitorius).
Periderm: periderm resides on the basal portion - called cutting (Corchorus capsularis) and periderm absent or poorly developed (Corchorus olitorius).
Branching: well branched (Corchorus capsularis) and poorly branched (Corchorus olitorius).
Water logging: can withstand water logging in later stage of growth (Corchorus capsularis) and can not (Corchorus olitorius).
Duration: 3-4 months (Corchorus capsularis) and 4-5 months (Corchorus olitorius).
Flower: 0.5cm, yellow to pale yellow (Corchorus capsularis) and 1.0cm, green or colored (Corchorus olitorius).
Ovary: round (Corchorus capsularis) and elongated (Corchorus olitorius).
Anthesis: 1-2hours after sun rise (Corchorus capsularis) and 1hour or less before sun rise (Corchorus olitorius).
Fruit: capsule (Corchorus capsularis) and elongated (Corchorus olitorius).
Seed: per fruit 35-50 seeds, chocolate color, weight 300seeds per gm (Corchorus capsularis) and 127-200 seeds, black color, weight 500seeds per gram (Corchorus olitorius).
Production Technology
Adaptation: temp- 24to35 c and RH 90%
Soil: Loam to silt loam ; high, medium high, medium low land; it does not grow well on very light, gravelly, lateritic soil.
Land preparation: 5-6 ploughing followed laddering.
Fertilizer Application: 145-166kg/ha urea, 59kg/ha TSP, 50-80kg/ha MOP for fiber production; 80-100kg/ha urea, 30-40kf/ha TSP, 32-40kg/ha MOP for seed production.
Cow dung must be applied 10-15 day before final and preparation. Half urea and other fertilizer must be applied 4-5 days before FLP. 6-7 weeks after sowing rest urea must be applied.
Sowing time : Corchorus capsularis - March to April, Corchorus Olitorius - April to first half of May.
Seed Rate : row method: line to line 30cm, plant to plant 7cm- capsularis 6-7.5kg/ha and olitorius- 5-6kg/ha; broadcast method: 10-12.5kg/ha capsalirs, 7.5-9 kg/ha olitorius.
Intercultural operation:
Gap filling: direct sowing during evening. desired plant rate4.5-5lac/ha.
weed control: 2,4,8 weeks after sowing.
Disease and Insect control: By using proper fungicide and insecticide.
Harvesting: Depending on varieties. For fiber 60-120 days after sowing.
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