ROLE OF MUSTARD AS A DISEASES PREVENTING OIL SEED AND AS A GOOD HEALTH CARETAKER

ROLE OF MUSTARD AS A DISEASES PREVENTING OIL SEED AND AS A GOOD HEALTH CARETAKER
Mustard is a agricultural crop which is popular for it's oil. From ancient time mustard oil is used as a medicine in different parts of world. Now mustard is cultivated in many countries such as Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Croatia, Colombia, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, India,Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Serbia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States. Mainly mustard is used for oil. Mustard also used as a popular addition to hot dogs,sandwiches, hamburgers, and salads.
Mustard seeds are very beneficial for our health. Because-
1. Mustard contains anti-oxidants which are specialy needed for body to keep us healthy.Minerals and vitamins are also present in mustard.
2. We also get huge amount of calories from mustard. 100 g of seeds of mustard contains 508 calories.

3. Mustard also contains essential oils, dietary fiber, quality proteins.
4. We get stigmasterol, sitosterol, brassicasterol, avenasterol and campesterol which are important sterols for our body to keep us in good health.
5. We also get palmitic acids, eicosenoic, myrosin, oleic, erucic and sinigrin which are important glucosinolate and fatty acids for our health.
6. Essential B-complex vitamins such as  pyridoxine (vitaminB-6), thiamin, folates, pantothenic acid, riboflavin and niacin are also available in mustard. B-complex vitamins are essential for regulating body metabolism, enzyme synthesis in our body and keep nervous system in good work.
7. Mustard are very helpful to keep blood cholesterol at lower level because mustard has niacin (vitamin B-3) which is a portion of essential nicotinamide co-enzymes.
8. Mustard is a good source of carotenoid and flavonoid antioxidants such as lutein, zea-xanthin, and carotenes.
9. Vitamin E a compund which hold our youthness is available in mustard. This vitamin E also act as a good lipid soluble bio-substance. This vitamin-E protect our skin and keep the integrity of cell membrane of mucus membranes in good condition by preventing harmful oxygen-free radicals.
10. Mustard contains Cu and Fe which are essential for production of red blood cells .

Damage and Biological Management Of Aphids in Mustard

Aphid: Lipaphis erysimi
DAMAGE
Aphid is one of the most damaging insect pest and this pest mat reduce the yield 50 to 80%. Both adults and nymphs are harmful. They suck cell sap from all plant parts. Week plant, curled leaves, hindering of flowers and pod formation are the characteristic symptoms of aphid attack. Infested pod become off shape and reduced in size. So oil percentage of the seeds is less.

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF APHIDS
We can reduce aphid infestation in mustard crop 50-70% if we do early sowing of Tori-7 variety.
In every time we must give priority to the biological control of insect rather than chemical control of insect to keep our environment pollution free. Also another point which support biological control of insect that is '' sometimes residual of the insecticide or pesticide remain into agricultural crops and this residual chemicals are not good for our health. Neem seed kernel extract or neem oil are very good to control aphids and neem seed kernel are used fro this purpose from ancient time. If we spray  two times neem seed kernel extract or neem oil @ 7 day interval, it will be a effective control measure of aphids in mustard crop field.
LADYBIRD beetle is a predator of aphids. So we can conserve LADYBIRD beetle mustard field to control aphids.
Formulation neem seed kernel extract: At first we have to take 50gm crushed neem seed kernel, then it should be added with 1L water to make a formulation.
Formulation of neem oil: At first we have to take 4 ml neem oil, then it should be added with 2 g detergent/L of water to make a formulation.
Neem seed kernel is better than neem oil.

In case severe infestation we can use chemicals ( insecticide ) such as  Malathion 57EC or other insecticide for aphids control. We must take suggestion of government agricultural officer before applying any chemicals in agricultural crop fields.
But we must remember that chemical is harmful for our health and environment.